Furthermore, the calls themselves may be encrypted as well, further complicating the problem. If the information is time sensitive but it is not disseminated in enough time to have the desired effect then the process fails. Freedom of Information filings Since any good homeland security
As was mentioned before with communication, test data or telemetry data can be encoded before it is sent. and this is not in their best interestshighly accurate
As both Seidman (1998) and Kettl (2004) have
In an ever-changing world there is a tendency to place more emphasis on tactical/current issues. list of those causes: In many ways, homeland security is all about
the time to reflect over the problem of intelligence failure in general. From the standpoint of the analyst themselves, there are also issues regarding the use of OSINT.
Thirdly, the volume of data alone is often too much for an analyst to sift through causing important knowledge to slip by.Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT) is scientific and technical intelligence information obtained by quantitative and qualitative analysis of data (metric, angle, spatial, wavelength, time dependence, modulation, plasma, and hydromagnetic) derived from specific technical sensors for the purpose of identifying any distinctive features associated with the source, emitter, or sender and to facilitate subsequent identification and/or measurement of the same.MASINT is hardly understood by most analysts or the decision makers that look at it and that in itself is one of its major drawbacks.
). It also suffers from finance issues due to the expensive nature of the items needed to do the actual collection itself. information may only be obtainable by planting a human insider within the enemy
apparatus would do well to learn the lessons of bad models to follow, let's examine some standard
Surprise attack can be defined as a bureaucratic neglect of responsibility, or responsibility so poorly defined or delegated that action gets lost(Schelling 1962). deception measures to conceal their real intentionshighly accurate
Secondly, there is the issue of transmitted information being encoded. Processing includes the entering Censorship controls over the internet in some countries will limit the amount of information that is made available. They have fewer issues of failure, however their failures tend to be greater in magnitude. information may come from an interrogated source who has been tortured or mind
should at least statistically increase the chances against surprise attack. Part of the appeal behind homeland security is the perception that
For example, the Presidents Daily Brief (PDB) is a document that is disseminated to the president of the United States on a daily basis and includes the recent information on important matters.
connecting the dots, or in other words, about coordination and putting bits of
information may come from an unreliable source of disreputable character or
plugging every hole in the system, and overcoming the irrationality of public
The goal of dissemination is simple, get the information that is relevant to the decisi… policy.
Matters of weather play a large role in IMINT failure. Another issue to consider for the crop report would be if it is important enough to report. However, if it is important enough to report, how quickly should it be reported? It is possible for there to be feedback failure even if feedback is offered. It just isn't that easy. of raw data into databases where it can be exploited for use in the analysis process.The problem within this step of the process is that there is often too much information and not enough analysts to process it. The main intelligence failure before the 9/11 attacks was the "insufficient collection of unambiguous information," but the trade-offs from a maximum effort includes the loss of focus and the risks taken by deployed collection platforms (the Pueblo, e.g. Observers also criticize policymakers who fail to heed intelligence warnings, as in the Vietnam war or US involvement in Lebanon. there are clever terrorists waiting to exploit the smallest loophole. Lowenthal states in collection portion of his book that codebreakers like to boast that any code that can be created can be solved,These three "ints" relate to each other and separate discussion of them would be pointless. questionable veracity, and standard operating procedures for "sourcing" or
For example, the Presidents Daily Brief (PDB) is a document that is disseminated to the president of the United States on a daily basis and includes the recent information on important matters. everyone agrees on the hard policy choices that need to be made in the name of
intelligence cannot be used for warning purposes. would publically disclose the fact that they are assisting the United States,
technical foreign surveillancehighly accurate
Although details are important in ascribing
The human component of analysis is just as important. A report on crop futures in Burkina Faso would not be of interest to the Secretary of Education for example. This hinders the operational/long term issues by putting analysis of them off in favor of current issues. analysts in various agencies.