If shooting for longer than a second, it’s displayed as 1″ (or longer). It produces hard shadows and well-defined edges, contrast and texture. Film Terms Glossary : Cinematic Terms : Definition and Explanation: Example (if applicable) abby singer (shot) a nickname for the second-to-last production shot of the day; the name was attributed to famed American production manager and assistant film director Abby Singer between the 1950s-1980s; the last shot of the day is known as the martini shot Exposure compensation – In complex lighting situations, your camera's light-metering system may result in pictures that are too bright or too dark. When you don’t want to look at the whole scene for correct exposure, centre-weighted metering evaluates the light in the middle of the frame. Low-key photos are dramatic and mysterious. It is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image. Chromatic aberration appears as green or purple fringing at the point of contrast. Here is a glossary of terms that explains the features and functions of digital cameras including DSLRs, mirrorless cameras and phone cameras. In order to take breath-taking photos of the surface of the moon, use an f/11 aperture and shutter speed the same as the ISO. 1 EV is twice as bright, for instance, ISO 200, 1 second and f/1.0. This flash mode is the same as the automatic mode on your camera. The larger CF (compact flash) card is found in many "pro" DSLR models. Crop factor – Originally, lenses on SLRs were designed to cover a full frame of 35mm film (1 x 1.5 inches), but most DSLR and mirrorless camera image sensors are smaller than a frame of 35mm film. This is also referred to as editing, the preferred term, and includes the decisions, controls, sensibilities, vision and integrative capabilities of the individual editing (cutting) artist. Abbreviation for “Digital Negative”. More-expensive models also have electronic viewfinders that make them more like DSLRs. A deep depth of field, often used for landscapes and group shots, captures virtually everything in sharp focus. To speed up operations, as well as save storage space, JPEG images are compressed; the degree of compression determines the quality of the image. APS-C image sensors are used in most consumer-level DSLRs and in many mirrorless cameras. Smashing a lens hood is always better than smashing your lens’ front element. CMYK refers to the four inks used in colour printing: cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (black). Senior photographer Jeremy Lips (@jlips76, Google+) and staff writer Alex Cranz (Alex Cranz @alexhcranz and on Google+) contributed to this piece. As we took away the mirror from modern camera systems, we also lost a real view through the lens. Image sensor – The heart and soul of every digital camera, it's the silicon chip (generally using CMOS but sometimes CCD technology) that captures the picture or video you're shooting. It’s flexible, allowing for a ton of different compression rates and algorithms, bit depths, and other variations. B-roll gives you flexibility according to the video editing rules when editing because it … White balance is an automatic or manual adjustment to a digital camera's color readings so whites appear to be white (and all other colors are also accurate) regardless of the illumination source. They came from film photography and filmmaking. Fringing is the photography term for a purple “ghost” image on a photograph, apparent near contrasting edges. When using this mode, images are stored in a high-speed buffer memory before being transferred to the memory card. This allows them to be moved and tilted relative to the sensor. When you press the shutter button, the mirror flips up, allowing light to pass from the lens onto the image sensor, which records the photo. A super-telephoto lens has an even larger focal length than a standard telephoto lens. It also holds non-destructive editing information. Also, it allows us to see in advance, what’s going to go into the frame. Understanding the histogram is important because the LCD on your camera doesn’t accurately shows what the image looks like. Camera makers have different names for the technology, such as IS for Canon, VR for Nikon and SR for Pentax. Increasingly more cameras can capture video at 1920 x 1080 pixels, known as 1080p or full HD. Extension tubes are used to further extend the zoomable area of lenses in macro photography. Interchangeable lenses – DSLR and mirrorless camera lenses can be removed, allowing the photographer to choose the best lens for a particular type of shot. This is why lenses with lower f-numbers are more expensive. Aperture Priority, also known as A or Av, is a camera setting mode. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor is a type of imaging sensor. A fisheye lens produces images with strong barrel distortion. Data from these three colors is combined to produce the pixels that make up a digital image. by Film Riot @YouTube Based on Camera Movement Tutorial: How To Create Emotion by The Slanted Lens @YouTube Based on Camera position and angle by learnaboutfilm.com CHANGE … Such lenses have a built-in gyroscope and moving lens element(s). HDR helps capture that range of brightness by taking several quick shots of the same scene, but with slightly different exposure settings, and then combining them. This is a problem for interchangeable-lens cameras, whose internals are exposed to the air during lens swapping. At slow shutter speeds, the shutter will stay open longer, resulting in more visible blurring. In between these two are the mid-tones. You might even wish for a Photography to English dictionary. Visit our corporate site. This way you can avoid many kinds of light diffraction. Lenses and/or using external tools such as filters and lens hoods cause these. Daniel Grotta has been covering digital photography since its infancy. Most point-and-shoot cameras capture 10-bit or 12-bit images, while better DSLRs and mirrorless cameras capture at 12-bit or 14-bit. The exact film ratio for medium format is different for each brand or camera type. These are analog cameras, and they use film. Instead, an electronic viewfinder (EVF) and/or a digital screen is used. The magnification ratio refers to the size of the subject appearing on the sensor of the camera, and the size of it in real life. Cinematography Glossary Crane Shot. Like any other technology, art form or field, digital cameras have their own nomenclature. A short focal length, such as 24mm, captures wide angle; a long focal length, such as 100mm, is telephoto. Its low-light sensitivity and ability to provide live preview and video capture to DSLRs have made it extremely popular. Generally, a higher ISO allows you to photograph in low light conditions, but with a trade-off in quality. 'RealPlayer.RealPlayer(tm) ActiveX Control (32-bit)', As this list is non-exhaustive, if you are interested in photography, we recommend reading as much as possible. High-key lighting is achieved by using a lot of light or whites in a photographed scene. As far as photography terms go, you might only need to know about this if you’re capturing action, wildlife, or sports. Compared to CCD, they operate at significantly lower voltages, consuming less power. In shutter priority, the camera adjusts the aperture (f-stop) to produce proper exposure at the user-selected shutter speed. A contrasty image has deep blacks and bright whites. Zoom lens – The most common kind of lens used on digital cameras, a zoom lens moves to change its focal length and cover a range of perspectives, often from wide-angle to telephoto, keeping in focus through the entire range. A flat image has more balanced tones. Low-key lighting is achieved by using a lot of darker tones, shadows and blacks in a photographed scene. Motion blur blur occurs when the object is moving faster than your shutter speed can handle. You can capture greater details with a large format camera because it reaches the biggest possible resolution in analog photography. The latter is often used to create a ‘miniature effect’, where the scene looks tiny. This is a focusing mechanism, which can result in perfectly sharp images. With that in mind, on to the list! Although these are more versatile, they often have limited sharpness due to needing more mechanisms inside the lens. Because the camera itself is moving, the result allows viewers to feel as if they are also moving across the scene. Like the individual photos which make up an album, the shots get put together to make a video. This is the main source of light for a photograph. Longer (slower) shutter speeds allow more light to reach the image sensor, which can be good for night shots but increases the chance of motion blur. A flag or Gobo is a piece of material that stops unwanted light from hitting part or all of your scene. Exchangeable Image File Format is a standard that specifies the formats for images, sound, and ancillary tags used by digital cameras. Different fields of photography require different prime lenses. It doesn’t look at where you focus, as it assumes you are concentrating on the centre of the image. Some modern cameras have the capacity to utilize a maximum ISO of up to 3,280,000 (although bringing along poor image quality). Shutter lag is the territory midway to setting the shutter off and capturing the image. Photography – the word photography comes from two old Greek words “phos” meaning light and “graph” meaning to draw. There was a problem. It doesn’t mean that you won’t have to use a tripod anymore, but it definitely extends your possibilities. Also known as Parallax Error. A common alternative name for a lens. This is harsh or undiffused light, coming from the sun or flash. The fill light is the secondary light source and used to fill in shadows created by the main light. The size of a TIFF image can range anywhere from a few megabytes to multiple gigabytes. A 100mm macro lens with the extension tube x3 turns your lens into the equivalent of a 300mm lens. There are 50 terms at the moment, but this is an ongoing glossary, and we will be adding more words over time. The lens is not interchangeable, and automatic systems set the exposure and other options. These crystals turn due to electricity. You can choose from different settings suitable for different conditions such as daylight, cloudy, etc. A light meter measures the amount of light in a scene, determining the proper exposure. Editing: The selecting and assembling of shots when creating a film. Olympus and Panasonic are the main makers of 4/3 format bodies, while five other companies (including Leica and Sigma) produce lenses. Ambient light is also referred to as available light or natural light. We figured it’s our job to shed some light on all this. medium long shot (halb totale Einstellung) shows a group o f people in interaction with each other, e.g. Chromatic aberration – Also known as "color fringing," this distortion appears when the camera lens fails to focus on all the colors where two points of high contrast meet (such as where the dark roof of a building meets the sky). Noise is not always visible in small versions of photos used for online posting but can become obvious in large prints or cropped photos. The effect produced by the refraction of different wavelengths of light through slightly different angles. The focal length of lenses on smaller cameras is often translated into full-frame equivalents in order to make comparisons. The alphabet soup of jargon can be as confusing and intimidating as trying to understand how all those dials, buttons, levers and menu options affect the pictures and videos that you capture. These are the lenses with a 50mm focal length. A low-pass filter, also known as anti-aliasing or “blur” filter, eliminates the problem of moiré. MORE: How Many Megapixels Do You Really Need? It’s an iris mechanism, which controls the amount of light that gets through the lens. This is only for calculation. 'RealPlayer.RealPlayer(tm) ActiveX Control (32-bit)', cadrer - to frame a shot; couper - to cut; diriger - to direct; interpréter - to perform, act; monter - to edit; produire - to produce; projeter - to project, show; tourner (un film, une … Each full f-stop represents a doubling or halving of light. This continuous shooting mode captures a number of photos in a fast sequence. It’s originated from 35mm film size SLRs. Intricate fabric weaves, the screens in windows and even hair can produce moiré. Then this is one of the most important camera terms to know. ISO means International Organization for Standardization and also refers to the sensitivity of the photographic film. It’s basically a light source that produces a flash of artificial light. Electronic viewfinders (EVFs) also allow a photographer to monitor video being shot. Higher bit depth allows more accuracy and fidelity of captured images, and allows finer adjustments when editing. Time exposure – A photo in which the camera's shutter remains open for more than a fraction of a second — usually, between 1 and 30 seconds. The camera collects data from the sensor for a specified amount of time, corresponding to how long a mechanical shutter would expose the sensor. The OLPF blurs the image very slightly, to help break up the tendency of an oversharp image to produce false colors and moiré (herringbone-like patterns). A key part of any lens. The shutter allows light to pass through the camera and hit the sensor for a determined period of time. It’s approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System “classic” negatives of 25.1×16.7 mm, with an aspect ratio of 3:2. Full frame – High-end DSLRs' and mirrorless cameras' image sensors are the same or nearly the same size as a standard 35mm frame of film, hence the name "full-frame" sensors. The most common kind of auto-bracketing is exposure bracketing, but ISO, white balance, flash and focus can also be bracketed in many cameras. When the photographer presses the shutter button, the mirror instantly swings up, and the shutter opens, exposing the film to the light from the subject. 'RealPlayer'], ['rmockx.RealPlayer G2 Control', Extreme close-up shot: Only a part or specific feature of the character is captured on and fills the screen.Often, this is an actor’s eyes or mouth. This results in a narrow field of view. There are three different types of basic camera shots which include: the close-up, medium shot, and the long shot. A higher number of megapixels is not necessarily better; it simply refers to the amount of detail that can be recorded, not the quality or accuracy of the image itself. 1-inch sensor: A relatively large image sensor used in advanced, compact Nikon, Sony and Samsung digital cameras. Often used to establish a (usually … 4/3 sensor – A 4 x 3 aspect-ratio sensor that's roughly one-quarter the size of a 35mm film frame. Synchronizing the firing of a photographic flash with the opening of the shutter and curtain to expose the film or sensor. Lenses have a point where light rays converge and we call it the focal point. A prime lens is a fixed lens unable to zoom in or out, forcing you to zoom with your feet. Why: To follow a subject or show the distance between two objects. So we can clearly see, that the focal length is shorter than the diagonal. Scene modes – On most point-and-shoot cameras, as well as many DSLRs and mirrorless models, users can select modes with optimized settings for taking specific kinds of photographs, such as portraits, landscapes or night shots. Camera shake is the resulting blur found in images when you capture a scene without a tripod. RAW files are usually processed outside the camera in editing software such as Photoshop. Full frame sensors have a size of 36x24mm. It looks at the scene you are photographing and separates it into different zones. Shots are generally chosen by the director although the writer can use capital letters to suggest where the camera should be.